What Is D-Limonene? Does Lemon Peel Oil Have a Role in Cancer Treatment?

Other Names for D-Limonene:

• D-Limonene
• Orange peel oil
• Citrus peel oil
• Citrin
• p-mentha-1,8-diene (scientific name)

What Is D-Limonene? What Are Its Health Effects?

Extracted from citrus peels, most concentrated in lemon peel, the aromatic terpene compounds are called d-limonenes. The Mediterranean diet is associated with less cancer and cardiovascular disease , with high citrus consumption considered one possible explanation.

However, D-limonene has not been shown to prevent or treat cancer.

Laboratory studies show anti-inflammatory, wound-healing and tumor-shrinking effects. Other laboratory findings indicate D-limonene affects cancer-cell growth signaling pathways and may cause programmed death (apoptosis). In animals, D-limonene slowed pancreatic, stomach, colon, skin and lung cancer growth and reduced tumor formation/progression after carcinogen exposure. These anticancer effects have not occurred in humans.

For Which Medical Purposes Is D-Limonene Tried?

Cancer Prevention and Treatment

Laboratory studies showed d-limonene enhanced docetaxel's effects against prostate cancer cells. An epidemiological study found an inverse association between citrus peel consumption and skin squamous cell cancer. However, clinical trials have not supported these findings. More research is needed to determine a cancer prevention or treatment role.

Treating Heartburn and Reflux

Despite extensive use particularly for reflux, evidence is limited, and d-limonene itself often causes stomach complaints. More studies are needed.

D-Limonene Side Effects

• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Allergic rash
• Triggering asthma