Senolytics: Can We Eliminate Zombie Cells and Slow Aging?

Aging and Zombie Cells: A New Threat?

For many of us, a longer life comes with health problems such as osteoporosis, diabetes, and Alzheimer's disease. One of the least-known threats may be senescent cells, sometimes called “zombie cells.”

Senescent cells are damaged cells that cannot repair themselves. They accumulate as we age, releasing inflammatory molecules and potentially accelerating age-related diseases by hindering tissue renewal.

By preventing tissue renewal and causing fibrosis, degeneration, and inflammation, these cells have become a major contributor to age-related diseases. They also hold considerable potential as treatment targets.

Can Senolytics Eliminate Zombie Cells?

Senolytics are experimental medicines and supplements intended to eliminate senescent cells or reduce their harmful effects.

One of the most promising areas for senolytics is cancer treatment. Some chemotherapy medicines have been found to have natural senolytic effects . Experts emphasize, however, that the aim is to extend healthy, active life rather than increase human lifespan to 120 years.

The State of Senolytic Research

Since the first senolytics were discovered in 2015 , most promising studies have involved animals. Some early senolytic medicines, navitoclax (ABT-263) and ABT-737, failed in humans because of adverse effects. So far, existing chemotherapy medicines have been the most effective senolytics .

For conditions such as osteoarthritis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, COVID-19, and organ transplantation, more than 20 clinical trials are currently underway.

• The D+Q Combination: The combination of dasatinib (an FDA-approved chemotherapy medicine) and quercetin (a natural flavonoid) has improved bone density and physical function.

• Foselutoclax: This senolytic has shown promising results in improving vision in patients with diabetic macular edema.

• Fisetin: A natural flavonoid found in fruit and vegetables, fisetin has entered phase 2 clinical trials because of its potential senolytic effects in severe COVID-19.

Senescent Cell Diversity and Barriers to Treatment

Senescent cells are highly heterogeneous, and scientists are working to develop an overall map of them. The SenNet Consortium is conducting large-scale research to map these cells spatially.

Not all senescent cells are harmful, however. Some have useful functions in tumor suppression, wound healing, and tissue repair. Developing targeted treatments is therefore especially important.

The Future of Senolytics: Combination Treatments

Different senolytics are thought to target different types of senescent cells. “Senolytic cocktails” may therefore be developed, including combinations tailored to conditions such as Alzheimer's disease or osteoporosis.

Natural Senolytics: Exercise and Lifestyle

Exercise may prevent senescent cell formation and help the immune system eliminate these cells.

At least another 10 years of research is estimated to be needed before senolytics enter widespread clinical use. Nevertheless, advances in this field offer considerable hope for longer, healthier lives in the future.